Globalization has profoundly transformed the business landscape, bringing unprecedented opportunities and challenges for brands. As markets become increasingly interconnected, brand identity has emerged as a critical factor in establishing and maintaining a competitive edge. Brands must navigate the delicate balance between maintaining their core identity and adapting to diverse cultural contexts to resonate with local audiences. The authenticity of a brand’s identity, defined by its values, messaging, and visual elements, plays a crucial role in building consumer trust and loyalty.

Globalization, characterized by rapid technological advancements, increased connectivity, and the free flow of information, has dismantled traditional barriers to trade and communication. As a result, brands now have access to a vast global marketplace, enabling them to reach consumers in diverse cultures and geographies. However, with this expansion comes the challenge of maintaining the authenticity of a brand’s identity across different cultural contexts.

Brand identity encompasses not only tangible elements like logos and slogans but also intangible aspects such as values, beliefs, and the emotional connections that consumers associate with a brand. In an era of globalization, brands face the dilemma of striking a balance between presenting a consistent image worldwide and adapting to local preferences and sensitivities. Failing to understand and cater to cultural nuances can lead to misunderstandings, misinterpretations, and a loss of consumer trust.

Successful brands have demonstrated an ability to harmonize global consistency with local relevance. By understanding the cultural intricacies of various markets, these brands have effectively tailored their messaging and experiences to resonate with local consumers while preserving their core identity. Conversely, there have been notable instances where brands have stumbled in their pursuit of global expansion, succumbing to the pressure to dilute their identity or failing to adapt to cultural sensitivities, resulting in reputational damage and lost market opportunities.

By understanding the impact of globalization on brand identity and studying both successful and unsuccessful cases, we can gain valuable insights into the importance of authenticity in the global marketplace. Such insights will give marketing executives a deeper understanding of the complexities involved in brand management in an era of increasing interconnectedness, empowering them to make informed decisions in their pursuit of global expansion while maintaining the essence of their brand’s identity.

Globalization’s Impact on Brands 

The advent of globalization has revolutionized the way brands operate and engage with consumers worldwide. Globalization is characterized by the rapid exchange of goods, services, ideas, and information across borders, facilitated by technological advancements, transportation, and communication. This interconnectedness has led to an unprecedented level of market integration, creating both opportunities and challenges for brands.

In this globalized marketplace, brands can now reach a diverse range of consumers across different cultures, languages, and geographies. This presents immense growth potential and access to new customer segments. However, it also exposes brands to the complexities of cultural diversity and the need to adapt their strategies to resonate with local audiences.

Defining Brand Identity 

Brand identity lies at the heart of effective brand management, serving as the foundation upon which all brand-related activities are built. It encompasses the distinctive characteristics and values that differentiate a brand from its competitors and shape the perceptions and associations held by consumers.

Brand identity comprises various elements, including visual cues such as logos, color schemes, and design aesthetics. Equally important are the intangible aspects, such as brand values, personality, and the emotional connections forged with consumers. Brand identity serves as a promise to consumers, conveying a sense of trust, reliability, and authenticity.

The Significance of Brand Identity in a Globalized World 

Maintaining a strong and consistent brand identity is crucial in a globalized world, where brands operate in diverse cultural contexts. Brand identity acts as an anchor, providing consumers with a sense of familiarity and continuity irrespective of their geographic location. A consistent brand identity enables consumers to develop a relationship with a brand, fostering trust and loyalty.

While global consistency is important, brands must also consider the need for local relevance. Cultural nuances, values, and consumer expectations vary significantly across regions. Brands that overlook these differences risk being perceived as distant, insensitive, or out of touch. Adapting brand messaging and experiences to resonate with local audiences while preserving core brand values is essential for long-term success in global markets.

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The Role of Authenticity in Brand Identity 

Authenticity lies at the core of a brand’s identity and is a key attribute that resonates with consumers in an increasingly globalized and diverse marketplace. 

Authentic brands are perceived as genuine, transparent, and true to their values. They create meaningful connections with consumers seeking brands that align with their beliefs and aspirations.

Maintaining authenticity requires brands to stay true to their essence while navigating cultural variations. Authenticity is not about uniformity but rather about consistency in delivering on brand promises and adapting to cultural nuances without compromising the fundamental principles that define the brand.

In the context of globalization, the challenge lies in striking a balance between global consistency and local relevance while preserving authenticity. Brands that successfully navigate this delicate balance can build strong emotional connections with consumers, fostering brand loyalty and sustained success.

The Dilemma of Global Consistency 

Global consistency refers to the practice of maintaining a unified brand image and messaging across different markets and cultural contexts. It allows brands to establish a recognizable and cohesive identity that transcends borders. 

Consistency provides consumers with a sense of familiarity and reliability, enhancing brand trust and loyalty.

However, pursuing global consistency can be challenging due to the inherent diversity of markets and consumer preferences. Cultural differences, varying consumer behaviors, and distinct societal norms necessitate a nuanced approach to brand management. Brands that fail to account for these differences risk being perceived as culturally insensitive, detached, or irrelevant. Striking the right balance between global consistency and local relevance is imperative to resonate with consumers in different regions.

The Imperative of Local Relevance 

Achieving local relevance involves adapting brand messaging, product offerings, and marketing strategies to align with local consumers’ specific needs, values, and preferences. Localization ensures that brands are not perceived as foreign entities imposing standardized approaches but as entities that understand and cater to the unique demands of each market.

Localization strategies may include:

  • Translating and adapting brand content.
  • Tailoring product features to suit local preferences.
  • Leveraging cultural symbols and references.

By acknowledging and embracing local culture, brands can establish a deeper connection with consumers, instilling a sense of familiarity and relevance.

Lessons from Failed Attempts 

Some brands have encountered challenges maintaining authenticity and striking the right balance between global consistency and local relevance. 

Starbucks faced backlash in China when it initially positioned itself as an upscale Western coffee experience. Recognizing the need for localization, the brand adjusted its strategy by incorporating local elements, such as tea-based beverages, and creating stores with distinct Chinese design aesthetics, ultimately finding success in the market.

When KFC entered the Indian market, it initially emphasized its chicken-based offerings without adequately considering cultural preferences and dietary restrictions. This oversight led to a lack of resonance with the local population and posed challenges to the brand’s acceptance and growth in the market.

Cultural Nuances and Sensitivities

One of the primary challenges brands face in maintaining authenticity while adapting to different cultural contexts is navigating the intricacies of cultural nuances and sensitivities. Cultural values, traditions, and social norms vary significantly across regions, influencing consumer perceptions and expectations. 

Brands must be mindful of these cultural differences to avoid inadvertently offending or alienating their target audiences.

Understanding the local context requires comprehensive research and a deep appreciation for cultural intricacies. Brands must invest time and resources in studying the target market’s history, customs, and values to ensure their messaging and brand experiences align with the local culture. Failure to acknowledge and adapt to cultural nuances can lead to misunderstandings, negative associations, and loss of brand authenticity.

Language and Communication

Language is a powerful tool for expressing brand identity; its adaptation is crucial in maintaining authenticity. Global brands must address the language barrier by ensuring accurate translations and cultural adaptations of their messaging. Using idioms, puns, and colloquialisms may require careful localization to resonate effectively with local audiences.

However, translation alone is not sufficient. Effective communication goes beyond linguistic accuracy and involves conveying the brand’s values and personality in a way that resonates with the cultural sensitivities of the target market. Brands must consider how different cultures interpret and respond to specific messaging techniques and symbols to avoid unintended miscommunications or misunderstandings that may compromise authenticity.

Consumer Expectations and Preferences 

Consumer expectations and preferences can vary significantly across different markets. Brands need to be responsive to these variations to maintain authenticity. Adapting to local consumer preferences may involve product modifications, packaging design, pricing strategies, or adjusting the brand’s positioning.

Brands must conduct thorough market research to understand the target audience’s specific needs, desires, and behaviors. This includes examining consumer habits, lifestyles, and aspirations to ensure the brand’s offerings align with their expectations. Failure to address these expectations may result in consumer dissatisfaction or rejection of the brand, leading to a loss of authenticity.

Global vs. Local Decision-Making 

Maintaining authenticity in a globalized world often requires striking a delicate balance between centralized decision-making and local autonomy. Brands must define their core identity and values at the global level, ensuring consistency across markets. However, they must also empower local teams and partners to make informed decisions that resonate with their specific cultural contexts.

This challenge lies in finding the right balance between global guidelines and local adaptation. Brands that overly centralize decision-making risk losing touch with local markets, diluting their authenticity, and missing opportunities for innovation and cultural relevance. Conversely, brands that grant excessive autonomy may face inconsistencies that erode their global identity.

Successfully navigating this challenge requires effective communication and collaboration between global and local teams, allowing for a cohesive brand strategy that respects cultural differences while preserving the core brand essence.

By acknowledging and addressing these challenges, brands can better navigate the complexities of maintaining authenticity in a globalized marketplace. 

Strategies for Maintaining Authenticity in Global Markets

Conduct Comprehensive Market Research

Thorough market research is essential for maintaining authenticity in global markets. Brands must invest in understanding each target market’s cultural nuances, consumer behaviors, and preferences. This includes conducting surveys, focus groups, and market studies to gain insights into the local context.

By gathering data and feedback from local consumers, brands can identify opportunities for customization while staying true to their core identity. Research can uncover specific cultural elements, values, and aspirations that resonate with the target audience, allowing brands to tailor their messaging and offerings accordingly.

Adapt Brand Messaging and Visuals 

Adapting brand messaging and visual elements is crucial for maintaining authenticity in diverse cultural contexts. Language translations should be accurate and culturally appropriate, capturing the essence of the brand’s identity while resonating with local consumers. Culturally sensitive imagery, symbols, and colors can be employed to create a connection with the target audience.

Brands should also consider the tone and style of communication. Humor, for instance, may be interpreted differently across cultures, necessitating adjustments to ensure messages are well-received. Striking a balance between consistency and adaptability in brand messaging and visuals enables brands to maintain authenticity while resonating with local consumers.

Embrace Cultural Sensitivity and Inclusivity

Cultural sensitivity and inclusivity are critical for maintaining authenticity in global markets. Brands should actively seek to understand and respect their target audiences’ cultural norms, traditions, and sensitivities. This involves avoiding stereotypes, cultural appropriation, or offensive references that may erode authenticity and trust.

Inclusivity is another aspect to consider. Brands that embrace diversity and reflect the values of their local markets demonstrate an understanding of and respect for different cultures. This can be achieved by featuring diverse models in advertising campaigns, incorporating inclusive language, and engaging in partnerships that promote cultural exchange and understanding.

Foster Local Partnerships

Collaborating with local partners can significantly enhance a brand’s authenticity in global markets. Local partners, such as distributors, influencers, or cultural experts, possess valuable knowledge and insights into the target market. Their involvement can help brands navigate cultural nuances, language barriers, and consumer expectations.

Partnerships can also provide brands access to local networks and communities, facilitating a deeper understanding of the market and consumer behaviors. By involving local voices and perspectives, brands can ensure that their strategies are culturally relevant and resonate with the target audience, ultimately maintaining authenticity.

Stay Agile and Iterative 

Maintaining authenticity in global markets requires brands to be agile and iterative. Consumer preferences, cultural landscapes, and market dynamics can change over time. Brands must remain open to feedback, continuously monitor consumer responses, and be willing to adapt their strategies accordingly.

Staying connected to local markets and maintaining a feedback loop enables brands to make timely adjustments, ensuring their authenticity remains intact. This may involve refining brand messaging, updating product offerings, or responding to emerging cultural trends. By embracing an iterative mindset, brands can maintain authenticity while remaining responsive to the evolving needs of their global consumers.

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Successful Brands: Maintaining Authenticity in Global Markets 

Numerous brands have successfully navigated the challenges of maintaining authenticity while expanding globally. One example is Nike, known for its consistent brand messaging centered around athletic performance and empowerment. Nike has adapted its marketing campaigns to resonate with diverse cultures while staying true to its core identity. By collaborating with local athletes and embracing cultural diversity in their advertisements, Nike has fostered a global community that values athleticism and self-expression.

Another successful example is Airbnb, which has balanced global consistency and local relevance. While maintaining a unified brand image, Airbnb has localized its platform to cater to different markets’ unique preferences and needs. The company provides localized content, supports regional partnerships, and showcases diverse accommodations that reflect the cultural identities of various destinations. By embracing local communities and allowing hosts to share their stories, Airbnb has fostered a sense of authenticity that appeals to travelers seeking genuine, immersive experiences.

Lessons from Failed Attempts 

Failures in maintaining authenticity in global markets provide valuable lessons for brands. One notable example is Pepsi’s ill-fated ad featuring Kendall Jenner, which sparked controversy and accusations of trivializing social activism. The ad’s attempt to align the brand with social movements lacked cultural sensitivity and authenticity, resulting in widespread backlash and damage to the brand’s reputation. This incident underscores the importance of understanding cultural contexts and social issues and the need to approach activism with genuine commitment and sensitivity.

Additionally, the failure of Walmart in Germany serves as a cautionary tale. Walmart entered the German market with a strategy focused on its American identity and low prices. However, the company failed to adapt to the German culture, resulting in consumer resistance and a lack of resonance. Walmart’s attempt to impose a standardized approach without considering local preferences and shopping habits highlights the necessity of adapting to local markets to maintain authenticity.

These examples highlight the importance of cultural understanding, adaptability, and sensitivity in maintaining authenticity while expanding globally. Successful brands demonstrate a deep appreciation for local cultures, embrace diversity, and align their messaging and offerings with their target markets’ specific needs and aspirations. Failure to do so can lead to reputational damage, consumer alienation, and an erosion of brand authenticity.

Final Thoughts

Maintaining authenticity in the face of globalization is a complex and ever-evolving challenge for brands. As markets become increasingly interconnected, brands must balance global consistency and local relevance to resonate with diverse cultural contexts. This delicate equilibrium is essential for building trust, loyalty, and long-term success in the worldwide marketplace.

Successful brands have demonstrated that maintaining authenticity is not about imposing a standardized approach but instead embracing each market’s cultural nuances and preferences. By conducting comprehensive market research, adapting brand messaging and visuals, fostering local partnerships, and staying agile, brands can navigate the challenges of globalization while preserving their core identity.

Conversely, failed attempts to maintain authenticity serve as cautionary tales. Brands that overlook cultural sensitivities lack genuine commitment or impose a one-size-fits-all strategy risk alienating consumers and diluting their authenticity. Understanding and respecting cultural differences, language nuances, and consumer expectations are crucial for successfully navigating the global landscape.

The impact of globalization on brand identity necessitates a strategic and nuanced approach to maintaining authenticity. Brands must embrace cultural sensitivity, adapt to local markets, and foster genuine connections with consumers. By doing so, they can create a meaningful and authentic brand experience that resonates across borders.

As brands expand globally, preserving authenticity will remain a paramount consideration. By embracing the challenges, learning from successes and failures, and leveraging strategies that foster cultural relevance, brands can navigate the complexities of globalization while maintaining their unique and authentic brand identities in the global marketplace.

Ready to navigate the complexities of globalization and maintain authenticity in global markets? Partner with Kadence International and gain cultural insights, comprehensive research solutions, and data-driven strategies to resonate with diverse audiences. Contact us today.

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We had the opportunity to chat with Sachit Gupta, Vice President of Kadence International’s India office, as part of our ‘People in Research’ series. Sachit has a wealth of experience in the industry and an impressive grasp of the Indian market, which made him the ideal person to ask about the most recent market research trends, challenges, and possibilities for rural India research.

Can you tell us about your journey to becoming Vice President of Market Research at Kadence International’s India office?

I started my career in 2001 with a leading industry chamber as a research executive. Initially, I worked on policy research and, in 2004, got into primary research. I joined Mode Pvt Ltd. (now GfK) as a research executive and worked in different positions for the next ten years. I was primarily looking after consumer research businesses and handled some of the key clients, such as Coca-Cola India and YUM Foods. I was also India lead for the mystery shopping business at GfK.

In 2015, I joined Karvy Insights, an Indian start-up market research company, as Associate Vice President and handled various corporate and social sector clients for seven years. Some of the key clients I serviced were Carlsberg, Syngenta, and Dabur (an Indian FMCG company).

Finally, in 2022, I joined the Kadence India office as Vice President. Currently, I oversee the Insights business at Kadence India.

How has the market research industry in India evolved since you first started?

The market research industry in India has seen many changes in the last decade. The explosion of data volumes, types of data, and sources, and, more importantly, the pervasiveness of technology, has substantially expanded and enabled many non-traditional methods of research.

We have come a long way from the days of pen-and-paper interviews to electronic interviews, from program-based analysis to the use of machine learning, artificial intelligence and predictive analysis to make sense of big and complex data.

Similarly, there is a significant shift in how we collect data from memory-based responses and elaborate diary-based data collection methods to more reliable and accurate passive data collection techniques using app-based technologies.

COVID, in many ways, has acted as a catalyst in promoting technology and tech-based solutions in market research. Agencies are adopting shorter, cheaper, smarter interviewing techniques to gather real-time data and provide quick and reliable client solutions.

Another change I see happening is the consolidation in the industry. The prominent players in the industry today are trying to focus on their core strengths, that is, insights and consulting, and outsourcing many of the support functions, such as field operations and analytics, to smaller boutique firms. It is an effective way to stay leaner, more focused, and profitable long-term.

What sets Kadence International apart from other market research companies you’ve worked for?

At Kadence, we have the reach and network of a large global company, but at the same time, we are nimble and flexible when it comes to customizing solutions for clients.

Today, when most large agencies are outsourcing support functions such as operations and analytics, we at Kadence take pride in having all functions in-house. This helps us keep close control of quality and overall project management.

Also, the culture at Kadence India is collaborative and cohesive. We are a small, closely-knit unit; all departments work in close coordination. The top management is entirely hands-on and can be approached 24X7 for any issue.

How do you ensure timely and cost-effective delivery of market research projects?

We follow a few principles to ensure projects remain profitable and are delivered on time.

  • There is the involvement of the operations team at the proposal writing stage. We ensure there is a buy-in from the operations team on the feasibility of accessing the target group, field budget, and timelines at the proposal submission stage. It ensures that all stakeholders are aligned on the agreed deliverables and avoids time and cost overruns later on.
  • Similarly, educating the clients on the minimum time required for us to collect quality data, the optimum length of the interview, and other such timelines is equally essential. We understand our clients have pressing deadlines, but we are responsible for educating them on certain aspects to deliver quality output.
  • Finally, strict adherence to set protocols and processes within the internal teams at Kadence ensures we honor our commitments. We have documented procedures at Kadence, and much emphasis is laid on ensuring compliance at all levels.

Can you share a particularly challenging research project you’ve worked on and how you overcame any obstacles?

The research that comes to my mind is the one where we had to study the consumers of hair color. The study’s objective was to do a sufficiency test with respondents to assess whether the quantity of hair color was sufficient. As we had to test two product samples sequentially, ensuring the respondent applied the hair color when a good number of hair strands had turned grey was critical. In the normal course of fieldwork, it would have meant leaving the decision to the judgment of the field investigators. This would have introduced an element of subjectivity into the research.

As a solution, we created a WhatsApp group wherein we asked the respondents to post a photograph of their hair before applying hair color. Specific parameters regarding what percentage of hair should be grey for the application of color were decided in consultation with the client. A dedicated team of researchers was set up to scan the photographs of all respondents. We only asked the respondents to use the hair color when the criteria were met.

This brought much objectivity into the study and ensured the final results had no personal bias. The findings were well received by the client.  

What are some of the most significant opportunities for market research in India?

The Indian research and insights industry grew at approximately 12% CAGR from FY17 to FY20 and is expected to double by FY26. I see a lot of opportunities and headroom for the business to grow. To be specific, I see the following trends or opportunities in the next few years:

  • The ask from research agencies will be much beyond simple analytics. There will be strong expectations from the clients in terms of value-based insights using advanced analytics such as machine learning and predictive analytics.
  • The pandemic accelerated the shift towards online panels. This trend will continue in the future. Due to the advantages of economy and speed, I see a declining preference for face-to-face, in-person interviews and a greater proliferation of online panels.
  • Much stronger focus on rural research. We are already seeing saturation in urban markets, and the rural economy in India will fuel the next level of growth. Therefore, there will be a sustained focus of all clients on understanding consumer behavior in the rural markets.

How does Kadence International incorporate technology into its market research methodologies?

Technology is at the heart of all the research we do. Kadence India has one of the largest state-of-the-art CATI infrastructures in India. We are also investing heavily in creating our independent online panel, which should be up and running soon.

In addition, there is a conscious focus on promoting digital data collection modes, whether online qualitative interactions, app-based surveys, or passive data collection.

We have a full suite of data collection techniques and customize our solutions depending on the client’s needs and budget. 

How does your team stay current on market research trends and advancements?

One of the KRAs for research managers is proactively using cutting-edge tech-based solutions for research problems. We always seek technology partners to collaborate for new and innovative methodologies. These collaborations and interactions with technology partners give the team good visibility on the emerging trends in the technology space and how best they can use those solutions in tackling clients’ marketing issues.

We also organize knowledge dissemination sessions within the insights team, wherein, if a particular team uses a new technology or an innovative methodology, they are encouraged to share it with other team members through these sessions. The larger objective is to promote a culture of sharing and learning and stay updated on new and emerging trends.  

What is the culture like at Kadence International’s India office?

We have a closely-knit team at Kadence India. There is a collaborative culture between functions, and everyone works towards a unified objective of business growth and client satisfaction.

Having said this, we strive to ensure a good work-life balance for our researchers. They are encouraged to take vacations, spend quality time with family and maintain a family-like environment at the workplace too. We invest in their training and development from time to time for their continued professional growth.

We recently initiated Learning and Fun Sessions (LAF) to encourage team bonding and cohesiveness at Kadence. The objective is to make these sessions as interactive as possible and provide platforms within the company for team bonding and learning. The initial response to the sessions has been very encouraging.

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How do you balance the commercial aspects of market research with the ethical considerations involved in conducting social research projects?

Social research projects are generally large-scale projects and thus contribute immensely to the top line of the business. Similarly, since most of these projects are for the government or multilateral bodies, a prestige value is attached, which is also crucial for future business and the organization’s visibility.

Many social research projects are in health or on sensitive topics. Therefore, there are a lot of research-related ethical considerations and protocols one has to keep in mind.

It is important to take a long-term view when pitching for such projects and strike a balance between commercial aspects and ethical considerations of research. 

How do you ensure clear and effective client communication throughout the research?

Communication is an integral part of the research process. In fact, it is critical to ensure a project’s success and maintain good client relationships. There are a few practices at Kadence India that we follow: 

  • Right at the project’s inception, we ensure a kickoff meeting between the research team at Kadence and the key stakeholders from the client side. This is important to ensure everybody is on the same page regarding study expectations and deliverables.
  • In the meeting, we also appoint a single point of contact from our team to spearhead all client communications from the research team. Similarly, we request the client to select a single point of contact from their team. This ensures clear lines of communication and avoids confusion or multiple people communicating with the client.
  • It is also important to keep the client informed of various milestones with respect to the progress of the study. So we have a system of giving regular updates to the client on how fieldwork is progressing, any issues faced in the research, and timelines for the deliverables.
  • We make it a point to keep the client informed of any exigencies faced in the study. So, if the fieldwork is getting delayed or there is an expected delay in reporting, the same is communicated immediately to the client. 

What is your favorite aspect of working in the market research industry?

In the last 20 years, I have worked across clients and product categories. The sheer diversity in client issues and problems, the nature of the business, and the people we interact with daily make it an exciting space to work. It allows you to learn and grow every moment and gives you immense satisfaction that, in some way, you are a part of the story of your client’s growth.

In a project execution role, I made it a point to visit the field and interact with consumers. The first-hand experience of directly interacting with people and then translating their issues and problems into actionable strategies for higher-up authorities gives a great sense of achievement and satisfaction.

How do you prioritize tasks and manage time effectively when overseeing multiple research projects simultaneously?

Empowering your teams and encouraging them to take ownership of clients and business is very important. Therefore, I delegate as much as possible and give them the space to make decisions that are in the larger interest of the projects and clients. At the same time, being in a senior position makes it impossible to lose sight of what is happening on projects. Therefore, I try to balance giving teams autonomy while ensuring they stay on course.

Typically, I start my day with a checklist of activities/ tasks to be done during the day and religiously ensure I finish those tasks and do not carry them forward to the next day. So far, it has helped me prioritize tasks and manage time effectively.

Can you tell us about a particularly successful market research project you’ve overseen and what contributed to its success?

I remember overseeing a large market entry strategy research for a global FMCG brand. The study was challenging as it required an accurate estimation of the market size for the category and a nuanced understanding of the current behaviors and habits of Indian consumers across the diverse geographies of India. It also required close coordination between the qualitative and quantitative research teams as the client sought a comprehensive market entry strategy for the brand. The study spanned six months, and at the end of it, it turned out to be a successful project helping the client implement an entry strategy for the brand. It also opened doors for us to get more business from the same client.

Teamwork and our qualitative and quantitative researchers working in close coordination contributed immensely to the project’s success.

What are some unique challenges in conducting research in rural areas of India, and how do you approach them?

India is a diverse country with 29 States and seven Union Territories covering more than 600 districts, roughly 8,000 towns, and more than 0.6 million villages.

There is vast heterogeneity in population characteristics due to socio-cultural factors, caste-based divisions, and religious and linguistic diversity.

Specifically, in the Indian context, ensuring that data capturing and research methodologies are amenable to different languages, literacy levels, and differentiated access/familiarity with the internet is critical.

For the above reasons, research and data collection becomes challenging and calls for a robust methodology that mirrors India’s diversity.

“A one size fits all approach” does not work well when designing a survey or methodology for rural India. For example, poor and backward States like Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, and Madhya Pradesh have more than 75-80% of their population living in rural areas. In contrast, urbanized states like Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, and Telangana are more equitable in distribution.

Therefore, each State has its unique demographic and socio-cultural profile, which must be considered while designing the sampling methodology in any primary research survey.

Therefore, the key to rural research is managing heterogeneity, linguistic diversity, and gender inclusivity while ensuring project representativeness and commercial viability. One has to strike a balance between the two.

What do you like to do in your free time?

I play with my two kids in my free time. I like spending quality time with them and participating in their school and outdoor activities.

I also keep abreast of the latest developments/ technologies in the market research sector.

For a deep dive into the changing face of qualitative research and the impact of technology on market research in India, read our blog post here.

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2022 may be in the rearview mirror, but we wanted to look back at our most visited posts and articles for the year. Researchers are naturally curious people, so here are the pages you sort out the most in the past year.

The benefits of market segmentation

When you know, you grow! Segmentations can guide everything from marketing to product development to identifying new market opportunities. In this article, we outline the key benefits of market segmentation.

READ THE FULL ARTICLE HERE: https://kadence.com/the-benefits-of-market-segmentation/

What is market entry strategy?

Entering a new market can be a complex process. Having a robust strategy maximizes your chance of success. In this article, we explore what makes a sound market entry strategy and the differences between entering a new domestic market or an international one.

READ THE FULL ARTICLE HERE: https://kadence.com/what-is-market-entry-strategy/

What are the four market entry strategies?

When entering a new market there are many routes you can take. This article explores four of the main type of market entry strategies and the pros and cons of each.

READ THE FULL ARTICLE HERE: https://kadence.com/en-us/what-are-the-four-market-entry-strategies/

Biggest risks and benefits to market entry

Launching your product or brand into a new market can be littered with many potential pitfalls, but often the benefits outweigh any risk. In this article, we take a deep look at both the risks and benefits of entering a fresh new market, so you are armed with the information to help you succeed.

READ THE FULL ARTICLE HERE: https://kadence.com/biggest-risks-and-barriers-to-market-entry/

What is market size, and why is it important?

In this article, we not explore what market size is and why it is important but also look at the best ways to calculate market size and is there such a thing as too small when it comes to your brand or product’s serviceable obtainable market.

READ THE FULL ARTICLE HERE: https://kadence.com/what-is-market-size/

5 major challenges of market segmentation and how to mitigate them

Market segmentation can be riddled with challenges. In this article, we explore some of the main obstacles to market segmentation and equip you with the knowledge and tools to segment your market correctly.

READ THE FULL ARTICLE HERE: https://kadence.com/en-us/5-major-challenges-of-market-segmentation-and-how-to-mitigate-them/

What is quantitative research?

What is quantitative research? How is it different from qual? Why is it important? and what are the best collection methods? All these questions are answered in one of our more popular articles for 2022.

READ THE FULL ARTICLE HERE: https://kadence.com/en-us/what-is-quantitative-research/

What is top-down market sizing?

Top-down market sizing is one of the two main methods researchers can use to calculate the serviceable obtainable market. This article looks at what top-down market sizing involves, how you can use it in your business, and the strengths and weaknesses of this approach.

READ THE FULL ARTICLE HERE:  https://kadence.com/what-is-top-down-market-sizing/

The top 5 challenges in international market research

Researching a new market in another country can be a challenge to get right. This article explores the top five challenges in international marketing research and our top tips for overcoming these.

READ THE FULL ARTICLE HERE:  https://kadence.com/the-top-five-challenges-in-international-marketing-research/

What is concept testing in new product development?

Ideation is often seen as the easiest part of product development. But how do you know that your great idea is actually what the market wants? This article looks at concept testing and the different approaches to testing new products. 

READ THE FULL ARTICLE HERE: https://kadence.com/what-is-concept-testing-in-new-product-development/

Now that 2022 is a wrap, we can’t wait to share more insight and information to help you with your research goals. Sign up below to receive our monthly newsletter Connecting the Dots, to get the latest news from Kadence and our team.

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At Kadence International, market researchers are at the heart of our team. In this series, we honor some of our colleagues, asking them about their experience working within the market research industry and what the future holds for the industry.

Name: Arpan Jhingran

Position: Project Manager

Kadence Office: New Delhi, India

I joined the Kadence India office in February, 2010.

What does a typical day or week look like for you in your current role? Or what are your primary responsibilities/duties?*

Client Servicing is a significant part of what I do for the project life cycle, starting from sharing the cost to the invoice raising and updating the client and senior management on a timely basis. Our responsibilities include solving the field operations query by speaking to the client and finding the best solution.

Tell us a little about your career so far. What was your first job or role? How did you get started with market research? What other roles (in market research) have you had?*

I had worked with ACC Concrete as a management trainee at their Mumbai location, then moved to Delhi. Kadence is my first company in the Market Research industry. I joined as Operations Executive and was promoted to Senior Field Executive. I have been a project manager for the past five years.

Did you always know that you were destined for a career in market research? Why? If not, what did you actually think your career would be, or what did you say you wanted to do “when you grew up” as a child?*

During my MBA, I was fascinated with the Market Research industry because of its involvement in every possible sector. I was also intrigued by the prospect of using different methodologies for deriving results and presenting those as findings and insights to brands.

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What is your favorite quote or the motto you live by?*

Live and let live

What is the best thing about the culture at Kadence?*

I love the open culture at Kadence, which allows you to work freely and use your experience to guide you in the right direction.

What essential skills are required to excel as a Market Researcher?*

Excellent and clear communication is paramount to building trust with the client.

What is unique about the market research field / and or consumers in your country/ region?*

There is much enthusiasm for trying new products or giving their opinions on topics we need data and insights on. 

What is it about the field of market research you wish everyone knew?*

Much hard work goes behind every outcome to improve any product or idea.

What piece of advice would you give someone looking to start a career in market research?*

Clear communication is the key in any service industry to building confidence, and I would like to advise anyone inclined to join market research to hone their communication skills. 

How have you seen consumer behavior change in the past 2 – 3 years as a result of the pandemic? If so, what are your main observations?*

The expenditure pattern has changed drastically. People are ready to spend on what they want rather than save for the future. 

For one of our projects in the healthcare field, we had to visit government hospitals and understand the conditions and processes by speaking to doctors, medical staff, and patients. Also, we had to talk to doctors without medical degrees and use medication based on their experience. That was great learning of my career.

If you could time travel into the future ten years, how would market research evolve?*

I see market research moving online compared to the current scenario of being an offline-dominated industry.

What do you like to do in your free time when you are not working?  *

I enjoy spending time with my family or sometimes going out with my friends.

What is something you have accomplished in work or life that you are particularly proud of?*

A beautiful family.

What is your all-time favorite food or cuisine?

South Indian Food (particularly Dosas).

What is your all-time favorite travel or vacation spot, and why?

I love hill stations because of the drive up there and the weather. 

How has Kadence’s remote work opportunity allowed you to achieve a work/life balance? We would love an example.

It gives me some more time to spend with my family.

Doing good doesn’t have to be at odds with profit. Organizations focused on their triple line in today’s marketplace will outperform their less socially conscious competitors. 

So what is the triple line? And what does Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) entail?

In economics, the triple bottom line (TBL) explains how organizations should commit to focusing on social and environmental welfare as much as they do on profits. 

The triple bottom line theory asserts there should be three bottom lines: profit, people, and the planet. A TBL measures a corporation’s commitment to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), a self-regulating business model aimed at helping a brand become socially accountable to itself, its stakeholders, the public, and its environmental impact over time.

Reducing carbon footprints to avert the climate crisis, improving labor policies, adding employee welfare programs, embracing fair trade, and incorporating charitable giving are examples of ways brands can support CSR initiatives.

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Why is CSR important in your brand strategy?

The idea behind social responsibility is based on the concept of businesses doing good and balancing their profit goals with initiatives that benefit society and the environment. 

Social responsibility is also good for business. Many brands focus on local, national, and even global philanthropic initiatives to attract consumers, making social responsibility a means of growing the brand. 

Customers like to do business with socially responsible organizations and enhance brand equity by boosting their sales, profits, and goodwill. CSR activities allow companies to improve their reputation, positively impacting brand equity and value.

CSR also helps an organization internally. Research led by Verizon and the Campbell Soup Company quantified the advantages of being socially responsible. The study showed how CSR lowers turnover by up to 50 percent, boosts team productivity by up to 13 percent, and enhances employee satisfaction by up to 7.5 percent. 

Millennials and Gen Zers demand social responsibility from the brands they interact with

A survey of 30,000 consumers in 60 countries found that 66 percent of consumers were willing to pay more for brands with CSR initiatives that resonated with them or aligned with their values and beliefs. 

Another study revealed that 87 percent of Americans would purchase a product based on the advocacy of an issue that resonates with them. 

This is especially true of the younger generations, including millennials and Gen Z. In our recent report on Gen Z —the definitive guide, there are several examples of brands demonstrating social responsibility to attract this cohort of consumers who demand social and environmental responsibility from brands. 

Why does this matter?

In 2020, there were 1.8 billion millennials worldwide, making them the largest generation cohort in recent times. Furthermore, with most of them employed, their spending power has dramatically increased over the past few years. 

In 2021, overall spending by Millenials had also considerably increased because most wanted to make up for the time lost during the pandemic. This cohort is a self-indulgent group that also cares deeply about society and the environment. 

According to a Deloitte survey in 2020, 60 percent of Millennials said they would be willing to support a business that takes care of its employees and positively impacts society. 

It’s not just societal impact but also an organization’s impact on the environment that matters to the younger Millennial and Gen Z cohorts.

Another critical factor is how brands lead diversity and inclusion. As detailed in our exhaustive Gen Z report on emerging beauty trends, today’s consumers, especially younger generations, demand brands to be diverse and inclusive. 

It is worth noting that brands cannot mislead consumers and send out a social message that is not executed because these discerning consumers also expect authenticity. 

Greenwashing, for instance, is a term that has gained prominence in recent times. The term refers to brands and organizations that say they are environmentally friendly, but in practice, they do nothing to protect the environment or actually harm the environment. 

Marrying profits with purpose

Gone are the days when profit and doing good were mutually exclusive. Today, corporations are increasingly incorporating purpose into their brand strategy. Having a cause attached to an organization is not just nice to have but a necessity. Governments worldwide have established mandates to ensure that big corporations are socially responsible. 

In Asia, CSR-related investment is conspicuous in the major economies. While we see a global trend with businesses taking a more significant share of responsibility for social and environmental good, different nations approach CSR with varying levels of vigor and pace.

Let’s look at the American, European, and Asia Pacific countries where we have a presence to see how they approach CSR and corporate citizenship. 

CSR initiatives are part of company law in China

A worldwide survey on millennials revealed that 83 percent wanted businesses to address social issues. In China, this percentage was higher at 92 percent. 

Typically, CSR is considered a voluntary initiative; yet in the past few decades, we have seen the rise of CSR mandates worldwide that explicitly target corporations to include CSR programs. 

One such country is China, where CSR initiatives are in Article 5 of the 2006 Chinese Company Law and explicitly require all Chinese companies to be socially responsible. 

The Chinese government incentivizes companies to incorporate social responsibility into their business practices. 

In 2014, Coca-Cola launched a socially conscious bottled water brand called Ice Dew “Chun Yue,” or Pure Joy in China. This was the company’s first socially conscious brand. Although priced slightly higher than competing brands, this bottled water targeted Millennials who care about social issues and are more likely to pay more for an environmentally conscious brand.

With the fitting tagline, “Drink Good, Do Good, Feel Good,” the brand claimed it would set aside funds to develop safe drinking water sources for schoolchildren in rural provinces such as Yunnan and Sichuan.

Japanese brands face pressure to get involved in CSR activities.

Japanese culture is all about relationships, and giving money to unknown people or charity has never been common practice. Until recent years, the Japanese considered social responsibility mainly the government’s job.

However, this has changed recently as issues such as the climate crisis, human rights, women’s equality, and poverty have come into the forefront of mass consciousness. 

The Japanese understand the adverse impact of poverty, social injustice, well-being, and the environment on society and realize the extent to which individual companies and people can help promote a better community. 

As a result, Japanese corporations face pressure to do more “good” and be responsible for their actions.

CSR in a net zero U.K.

One of the world’s largest automotive companies, Japanese automaker Toyota now faces increased international scrutiny as its growth continues.

In 1989, the company set up its Corporate Citizenship Activity Committee, and in 1995 it established the Basic Principles of Social Contribution Activities. In 2006, the company launched the Corporate Citizenship Division to consolidate all its social responsibility functions globally and become more strategic. In 2009, it opened the Toyomori Institute of Sustainable Living. 

Balancing the amount of greenhouse gases we put into the atmosphere with the amount we remove to tackle the climate crisis is called ‘net zero.’

The U.K. government has urged more businesses to pledge to this net zero target by 2050. In an industrialized world, reaching this goal is challenging and requires massive efforts from governments, corporations, and societies worldwide. 

Various countries and organizations have now adopted the target of ‘net-zero emissions by 2050,’ and about one-third of the largest U.K. businesses, representing a £650 billion market capital, have pledged to eliminate their carbon emissions by 2050. 

One such brand is luxury automaker Rolls-Royce, which is committed to net zero greenhouse gas emissions associated with its operations and facilities by 2030. 

U.K. pharmaceutical brand AstraZeneca has also committed to achieving zero carbon emissions by 2025 and becoming carbon negative across its value chain by 2030. 

Not mandatory in The U.S., but consumers expect brands to incorporate CSR.

From how we grow our food and how we deal with the climate crisis to how we treat our labor force, consumers in the U.S. are increasingly demanding accountability from corporations and organizations.

While CSR is not required by U.S. statute or regulations, it is somewhat soft law as consumers demand social responsibility from the brands they use.

In recent years, there has been a growth in CSR initiatives in the U.S., and major corporations have made massive strides in improving their environmental disclosure through annual sustainability reports.

Driven by its mission, Tom shoes is top-of-the-mind for social responsibility in the U.S. 

Toms shoes are likely the first brand that comes to mind when discussing corporate social responsibility. And for good reason —the brand’s CSR initiative is intertwined with its mission statement. 

In 2006, TOMS launched with the mission “to match every pair of shoes purchased with a pair of new shoes for a child in need.” During its first year, TOMS sold 10,000 pairs of shoes, and today, it has partnered with social organizations in more than 50 countries worldwide. 

The company’s social efforts focus on improving environmental and social issues and are seen globally in every aspect of its operations. The brand is an excellent example of authentic social responsibility.

CSR focuses on labor welfare and environmental consciousness in Indonesia.

Indonesian company law states that “companies with an impact on natural resources must implement CSR, and the same must be budgeted as a cost.” 

Recently, issues concerning worker abuse, severe climate, and environmental concerns have heightened interest in CSR. 

For example, Indonesia Eximbank’s Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) encompasses four areas: environmental responsibility, responsibility towards social and community development, labor and workplace health and safety responsibilities, and responsibility to their customers. 

CSR is a complementary approach to doing business in Singapore

Singapore is among the world’s fastest-growing economies and is in tune with the sustainability trend. 

The climate crisis and societal issues have propelled social responsibility and sustainable business practices to the forefront. A growing population demanding brand corporate responsibility has turned “doing good” into a winning business strategy. 

In Singapore, most CSR initiatives are handled by the state in partnership with employers and labor unions, making the government a key driver of CSR in the island state. 

The Singaporean code of governance urges domestic companies to follow high standards, and while the code is not mandatory, listed companies are required to disclose their corporate governance practices and explain any deviations from the code in their annual reports.  

In Singapore, Yakult, a probiotic beverage brand, stopped using plastic straws in its efforts to be environmentally conscious. 

Additionally, Yakult has partnered with many non-profit organizations in the health arena, sponsoring public projects and health-related events in Singapore. 

CSR is part and parcel of doing business in Thailand

The fundamental concepts of the Thai way of life and religious beliefs are centered around doing good deeds for others without any selfish motives. This thought process has seeped into business life, and Thai businesses accept their social responsibility.

During the 1997-1998 financial crisis in Thailand, His Majesty King Bhumiphol Adulyadej recommended the “Sufficiency Economy” philosophy to guide the Thai people towards a balanced way of life. 

Wonderland products, a manufacturer of wooden toys in Thailand, enforces CSR initiatives internally by ensuring the quality of life and humane labor practices and externally by supporting environmental protection. Its plants reuse and recycle waste for environmental reasons. 

What the world can learn from India about CSR implementation

Corporate social responsibility is a practice in which businesses voluntarily contribute positively to social and environmental projects. However, in the Indian context, the phrase takes on a different meaning. 

While organizations voluntarily participate in CSR in the rest of the world, it is not the case in India. As the world’s fastest-growing economy, India requires companies to have a CSR policy. 

In 2014, with the implementation of the new company law on April 1, India became the only country in the world with legislated corporate social responsibility (CSR) and a spending threshold of up to INR 15,000 crore (USD 2.5 billion). 

The new law mandates that “all companies, including foreign firms, with a minimum net worth of Rs 500 crore, turnover of Rs. 1,000 crores, and net profit of at least Rs 5 crore, spend at least two percent of their profit on CSR.”

In India, CSR is approached with a stringency not found anywhere else in the world. 

The law requires three Board directors to form a CSR committee to enforce the organization’s CSR policy. The law also dictates that the CSR policy be elaborate and the money spent audited. Organizations must also detail their CSR policy in their annual reports and websites. 

For example, Coca-Cola’s 2015 “Support My School” campaign was one of India’s most extensive CSR campaigns ever undertaken. The viral campaign earned Coca-Cola media exposure to an extent even the most planned marketing campaigns cannot replicate.

It is well established worldwide that businesses cannot progress at the cost of society or the environment. Most nations are on board with Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives that are good for the employees, consumers, businesses, and society. Brands are integrating societal and environmental goals into their operations to help reduce waste, enhance reputation and identity, attract top talent, and increase their bottom line. 

For international brands entering new markets, CSR provides a remarkable branding opportunity and helps them build their reputation locally as socially responsible brands.

The phrase “Never judge a book by its cover” does not apply to product packaging design. When package design is the only reference a consumer has, he is bound to go for the most appealing option. Years of market research have established that what’s outside the package is as important as what’s inside it. How else will a product stand out in a sea of competing brands? Yes, brand loyalty, ingredients, and other factors can make a difference, but in the end, most of it comes down to consumer psychology. 

In a store, the package design is the gateway to the product. Successful brands use psychology in their product design and packaging, driving sales and brand loyalty. Consumers often perceive a product’s function and worth based on its packaging and design.

Product packaging is primarily dictated by the target audience and what they want. For brands targeting a younger demographic, for instance, it is essential to add personalization and brighter colors and fonts that appeal to the youth. 

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This can change when catering to the same demographic in different countries. For instance, the environmental impact of packaging is a relatively less critical purchase factor for Japanese consumers, yet 80 percent of the respondents in India factor the environmental impact of packaging into their purchase decisions.

Understanding Consumer Psychology

Any buying decision involves consumers going through several cognitive stages when looking for a product actively. Their perceptions and opinions are based on what they see during this stage. After they select and purchase a product, they continue to evaluate their decision based on the product’s performance and experience. 

When a product’s perceived value is high, consumers are less impulsive than when the value is lower. This explains why over 70 percent of supermarket purchases are not planned. Shoppers in supermarkets and grocery stores rely primarily on the instinctive cues they get from package design as they browse stores. These help them make quick judgments about the product’s quality and value and can be why they add it to their carts (or not). 

Choosing the right colors

Research shows that color is one of the first things our brains see when they come across a brand and is often the first thing that pulls consumers in. 

Do you feel calm in a blue room, and does yellow make you anxious?

Pablo Picasso once said, “Colors like features, follow the changes of the emotions.” Colour is known to change emotions, moods, and feelings dramatically. Colors can have different meanings from culture to culture, as the idea of color is deeply rooted in our experiences. 

Color psychology is a hot topic in marketing, branding, and graphic design because colors play a huge role in brand perception and image. 

When selecting colors, it is imperative to look into the cultural significance of each color. This becomes necessary for brands planning international market entry, as different cultures have different connotations and emotions attached to specific colors. For instance, while green is a color of prosperity in many Muslim nations, it is a color associated with illness and death in some South American cultures. 

It is also essential to consider how your brand colors align with your brand and its identity. Other considerations are whether these colors stand out in a crowded marketplace and how they would work for those who are colorblind. 

Format and materials

The format or shape of the packaging is often based on whether the package will be used or discarded. In case it’s part of the product, like a milk carton, the quality, materials, and function are important considerations. For instance, a square or rectangular base is better so it can fit in the refrigerator more efficiently, and an easy-to-pour spout enhances convenience and functionality.

Packaging design depends on many other factors as well. For instance, a luxury product needs to be packaged in a way that reflects the high price of the product. In recent years, sustainability has also become a huge factor in selecting packaging materials, and an exciting product design may encourage consumers to post the packaging or unboxing online.

Typography and labels 

Typography is the art of placing text to make the copy clear, legible, and visually attractive. It utilizes font style, size, and structure to evoke feelings and emotions and convey a message. It also helps balance the graphics on a package. 

The font styles and sizes you use on your packaging play a huge role in the overall design and how consumers perceive your brand. The logo, typography, and fonts allow your brand to stand out from the competition. The typography helps catch your target audience’s attention and conveys the brand’s message. It also helps establish consistency, a vital aspect of brand identity. 

For a successful packaging design that quickly moves the product off the shelves, brands need to know their target audience and stay abreast with the latest trends. The typesetting, fonts, and styles you use, just like the graphic and color choices, are based on your target market —factors such as age, gender, language, culture, and preferences influence the typography of a product’s package design. 

By providing invaluable information regarding current market trends and the unique wants and needs of a brand’s consumer base, market research helps a brand develop its business and marketing strategy. Market research benefits many different facets of business, including product design and packaging. 

Brands need to have complete knowledge of consumer desires and the effect of specific product packaging on purchasing patterns and preferences. In market research, there are many different means for gathering this data, each with its own set of advantages. In most cases, it is best to use a combination of methodologies to understand the effectiveness of your packaging design and labels. 

Market research allows brands to tap into the psyche of their target markets to gain a deeper understanding of how a package design impacts purchasing decisions. 

This can be done in many ways by gathering data, each method with distinct advantages. 

Some common forms of gathering data:

1. Focus groups 

Market researchers often use focus groups and show them labels and packages to gauge their first reactions to the design, colors, typography, offers, and form. The focus group participants sample the product and look at the packaging and label to provide insights into what part of the packaging would influence their purchase decision. 

2. Interviews and discussions

Many brands conduct interviews with consumers as they browse competing products in a store setting. Questions like, “what made you add a product to your cart?” can uncover purchase decisions and the effectiveness of your product packaging. You may also interview employees from different departments who know the product well.

3. Surveys

Online surveys are a quick and easy way to conduct a survey. These can be carried out for in-store and online purchases on eCommerce sites and allow for anonymity, providing information and insights into purchase decisions and behavior. A well-designed survey employs a rating scale and asks open-ended questions. 

4. Observation 

Market researchers often use direct observation by visiting the store and observing how the products on the shelf move. In this manner, it is possible to see how the placement of items in a store affects sales. It also allows brands to look closely at the competition to see what graphics, colors, and other visual elements affect purchase decisions. How would your product look in comparison to competing brands? Does it blend in or stand out? Does it stand out in a good way? Making frequent visits to stores can provide a window of opportunity and is a powerful way to conduct market research. 

Market research provides invaluable insights into market trends, consumer psychology, and behavior. It can help formulate the right business and marketing strategy for businesses, including package design. 

Package design research is more critical now than ever. In many cases, the retail package design is the only advertisement for the brand. The brand’s packaging has a few seconds to draw consumers to the product and evoke purchase intent. 

While brands use many quantitative and tried and tested package designs, they often tend to overlook the subjective side of research, which requires qualitative research methods and tools—knowing the “why” behind purchase decisions and consumer motivations can provide the essential piece in understanding the effectiveness of a new package design or redesign. 

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Market research is an essential activity for companies of all kinds. When entering a new local market or category, it’s crucial to do as much research as possible in many areas to ensure you’re as prepared as possible to launch successfully, with minimal risk.

Market research is even more important when entering an international market, as the stakes are higher, and you’ll be facing entirely new market conditions.

This article will examine international market research, how it typically differs from what you’re used to in your domestic market, and some of the main reasons companies need to do it.

What is international market research?

International market research is a blanket term for all the research and preparation on a new market, usually before entering it. Unlike domestic market research, international market research focuses on an overseas market, often with different cultures, business conditions, and consumer behaviors.

There are many different methods and stages involved in international market research. In some cases, the particular methods and techniques are the same as domestic market research, but your overall strategy will likely be very different.

What are the objectives of international marketing research?

International market research is a way of understanding a new, overseas market before you launch a product or service there. The main objectives are to understand your target customers, identify any challenges, get familiar with your competitors, and do anything else to boost your chances of success and avoid unpleasant surprises.

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How is international market research different from domestic research?

There are several key differentiating factors between domestic market research and international market research. Here are three of the key differences:

1. You’re entering a market with social and cultural differences

Domestic market research is already tricky, but the often vast differences between your home country and your target country make international market research much more challenging in many ways.

Often, the reasons for this difficulty are the same reasons why you need to research in the first place — you need to learn as much as possible about a region and culture that may be entirely unlike your own. 

The differences between countries can create many challenges for researchers. For example, a research method like one-on-one interviews that work well in western countries like the UK and US may fail miserably in other parts of the world where it is considered suspicious.

2. There may be more restrictions around research

In addition to cultural and social differences, international markets also come with legal differences. While you might have a good understanding of how the law (as it relates to market research) works at home, the reality abroad may be very different.

You’ll need to be aware of an entirely new set of rules to avoid breaking them and ending up in legal trouble. One example is the USA’s TCPA, which forbids calling a cellphone using an automated dialing system.

Legal differences make it imperative to conduct legal research and coordinate with lawyers in your target market before beginning any research. Ending up on the wrong side of the law could be catastrophic.

3. It requires more investment

Conducting market research on your home soil can often be undertaken relatively cheaply. However, costs can quickly skyrocket doing research abroad. Seemingly simple things like hiring venues, running telephone interviews, and gathering people to interview can become exponentially more complicated when you’re doing it in a foreign country with people who speak another language.

You may find yourself needing to hire a small army of staff on the ground to help you carry out these tasks. To make things even more frustrating, the cheaper market research methods like email and online surveys don’t work nearly as well in developing countries with less widespread internet access.

8 reasons why companies need to research their international markets

Despite the additional challenges involved, international market research is simply unavoidable if entering a new market overseas. Here are some of the reasons why.

1. Differences in culture

The culture of your overseas target market may be completely different. Failing to research the culture of your target market adequately could result in serious blunders, which could seriously harm your market entry and brand reputation.

Cultural differences don’t have to be vast to cause significant problems. For example, in many African countries, containers are labeled with a picture of their contents. When baby nutrition company Gerber entered this market with their jars labeled with photos of babies, the reaction was understandably negative and seriously impacted sales.

2. Differences in laws and regulations

Laws and regulations don’t just have an impact on your market research methods. They can affect every part of your market entry process and how you conduct your business in your new market.

If you enter a new market without a comprehensive understanding of the law concerning your activities, you risk getting into legal trouble.

There are many different potential legal pitfalls to consider when entering a new market. Some examples are environmental regulations, tax laws, and laws that pertain to hiring new staff. On top of this, rules can change quickly, and what was legal five years ago might be a no-go today. 

Understanding legal and regulatory differences is where one-off research isn’t enough — you’ll have to conduct regular and ongoing research as well as work with legal experts in your target market.

3. Differences in customer preferences

Customers in one country may have completely different preferences to those in another. Cultural differences can be due to the earlier issues, but they can also result from other factors.

When China began allowing its citizens to buy and own homes a few decades ago, US do-it-yourself chain Home Depot quickly capitalized on this new opportunity. Six years later, they closed all their Chinese stores, never to return.

The reason — they opened all their stores in the suburbs, but most middle-class Chinese citizens tend to live in apartment blocks in the cities, homes that don’t require or allow much renovation. This simple misunderstanding due to incomplete research led to the failure of Home Depot’s market entry attempt.

4. Understand the competition

When you enter a new market, you’ll need to compete with already existing brands. Brand competition is not easy — you’re already at a significant disadvantage compared to companies that have been established in that region for a long time and are well-known to the local consumers.

It’s essential to understand who you are competing against and — more importantly — how they have been able to succeed. What exactly is it that customers like about your competitors? What keeps them coming back? What has allowed them to gain and maintain a hold in your target market?

Answering these questions through research will give you valuable direction on what your brand must do to succeed. It will also highlight weaknesses in your competitors that you can address in your marketing.

5. Mitigate risk

Entering any new market is a risky venture, and that risk increases when you expand abroad. According to the Harvard Business Review, companies operating abroad faced far lower Return on Assets than those in domestic markets. Many of these companies do not survive the attempt.

Market research allows you to mitigate your risk by being as prepared as possible for the many challenges of entering a foreign market. You’ll better understand your customers and what they want, be more prepared to take on your competition, avoid legal issues, and have a more viable strategy. 

Entering a new market overseas will never be risk-free, but research allows you to minimize that risk.

6. Logistical challenges

The logistical challenges involved in entering a foreign market can be enormous. Everything from selecting and evaluating suppliers to finding ways to transport your products around your new market, there are many things to consider.

When entering a market in the developing world, these challenges become compounded. Regions without well-established transport infrastructure, financial systems, labor laws, government, and so on can create an endless series of logistical challenges.

To prepare for this, you’ll need to research your new market rigorously. Understand all the potential issues facing you so you have time to prepare and aren’t caught unawares by a problem that might set back your operations by a significant amount.

7. Prepare a solid strategy and budget

A well-established strategy and budget plan is an essential starting point for any market entry process. The only way to do this effectively is through diligent market research.

Market research allows you to understand the costs of your new market, including unexpected expenses. It also helps you anticipate obstacles and challenges and flesh out your strategy in a way that boosts your chances of success.

Suppose you need to win the support of high-level stakeholders in your organization. In that case, a well-prepared and financed strategy is an excellent way to convince them that your market entry attempt is well-placed to go ahead.

8. Find available marketing channels

Marketing your product in a foreign market comes with a unique set of challenges and considerations. Channels that work well in your home country may fail abroad — for example, digital marketing in a country with poor internet access.

On top of that, your messaging will need to consider all the cultural and linguistic characteristics of your target market. An advertising campaign that works well at home may very well perform terribly on the other side of the world.

Market research is a great way to identify the marketing channels and approaches that typically work well for similar products in your target market, helping you plan an effective marketing strategy and boost your chances of success from the start.

Market research is an essential and unavoidable task if you want to enter a foreign market successfully. Done right, it can help reduce the many risks involved and give your product the best possible chances of succeeding in a market that may be radically different from the ones you currently operate.

Contact Kadence to learn more about how we can help you with international market research, along with all other kinds.

Considering expanding into an overseas market? If so, you’ll need to do international market research, but be warned, there are many different methods involved and choices.

The difference between good and bad market research can make the difference between the success or failure of your product launch. This is even more true when launching in foreign markets.

All the various challenges and obstacles of market entry are compounded when you enter a market with different cultures, customs, languages, laws, and infrastructure to what you’re used to dealing with in your domestic market. 

Without conducting rigorous research beforehand, you risk being unprepared for an already challenging process.

This article will look at some of the most effective methods for international market research and what you’ll need to consider compared to domestic research. 

The three main types of data

Before we explore the methods available to researchers, it’s essential to look at the three main types of data you will be aiming to collect:

1. Secondary data

Secondary data refers to data not collected specifically for the task at hand (in contrast with primary data). It can involve things like government records, business reports, information from NGOs, and scientific publications. 

Secondary data is usually the easiest to collect and makes a good starting point for your international market research. When researching a foreign market, it’s crucial to consider linguistic differences and that specific data may be less accessible for political reasons.

2. Survey data

Survey data is a blanket term for all the data you gather through speaking to real people in your target market. There are many ways to collect it, including face-to-face surveys and interviews, electronic methods like email surveys, via telephone, and more.

When dealing with an international market, surveys can be highly effective as they offer a direct connection with your target customers in your new market. However, there are challenges to overcoming language barriers and cultural differences.

The best way to conduct an international survey is to appoint a research firm with direct market knowledge and experience.

3. Experimental data

Experimental data is gathered through an experiment. In market research, this can take many forms. For example, you could divide customers into groups and offer one a full-price product and the other a discounted product, then measure which has more uptake.

Once again, experimental data is a helpful tool when researching an international market since it yields real-world findings and allows you to draw concrete insights about how the market will respond to your product.

It’s worth noting that primary data refers to any information collected solely for the task at hand, so survey data and experimental data can be considered primary or secondary depending on the source.

9 of the most effective methods in international market research

Now, let’s explore some of the most effective methods available to market researchers when getting started in a new, overseas market.

1. Overseas business research

The research conducted by other businesses can be a good starting point for your market research. Companies in your space may have already collected this data. It may have been collected by businesses based in your target market or a nearby location.

Business research is valuable because it’s an example of another organization that has done some of its work for you. You can learn a lot about business trends, cultural differences, markets, laws, and more from the research of other companies.

However, this is always just a starting point. No business in the world will have the same set of questions, challenges, and needs as yours, and nobody will have the same product and audience for it. For effective market research, you’ll have to do your own work too.

2. Collecting foreign government information

Governments collect a tremendous amount of information about their populations and the business within their borders. This includes demographics, geography, and culture, which can be extremely useful when planning your marketing and choosing where to sell your product.

In addition, government data can provide valuable insights on the legal challenges you might face when entering a new market and the various regulations you’ll be required to comply with as you market and launch your product. Much of this information is readily available on government websites.

3. Collecting information from NGOs

Non-governmental organizations like charities can be excellent sources of data due to their work in research. NGOs may provide more accurate and up-to-date data than governments in developing regions of the world, which can lack the infrastructure to collect information properly.

4. Face-to-face research

One-to-one interviews and focus groups can both be highly effective market research methods. They afford you a direct insight into what your customers think, what they want, as well as what concerns them, what their pain points are, and how they feel about your competitors, among many other things.

However, doing face-to-face research in an international market comes with a unique set of challenges. The logistical demands are higher — you’ll need to locate and hire venues and work with interviewers on the ground, which may be more complex than doing so back home. You’ll also need to consider linguistic differences, which means hiring interpreters or locally-based staff.

Another challenge is cultural differences. For example, some Middle Eastern cultures treat interviews with suspicion, and it may be not easy to gather a meaningful sample group. 

5. Attitude scales

Attitude scales — like the Likert scale — allow respondents to give a score on how they feel about a question or statement, usually on a scale of “Strongly Disagree” to “Strongly Agree”.

There are many benefits to using this type of research method in international markets. It tends to transcend language, and questions are easily translated. It’s also easy to distribute and can quickly be done either in person or electronically.

However, there are still challenges. Some cultures, such as Japan, may be unwilling to give strong responses, leading to many neutral answers and no meaningful takeaway.

6. Text message (SMS) survey

Text message surveys involve sending out a series of questions to a group of respondents via SMS. It’s quick, easy, cheap, and allows you to reach a large number of people. You won’t get detailed responses from this kind of survey, and it tends to miss out on nuances, but it’s potentially an excellent way to get lots of feedback with minimal effort.

The drawbacks are that it’s dependent on mobile access. Many countries worldwide lack this — Laos, for example, has a mobile phone penetration of just 53.4%. This makes it harder to distribute your surveys to a significant number of people.

7. Online survey

There are many different types of online surveys available to you when conducting international market research. Email, social media, and web forums are just a few examples of places you can connect with respondents and distribute surveys and questionnaires.

Online surveys are one of the cheapest and easiest ways to gather information and can be done from anywhere globally with no need to hire additional staff or deal with logistics in your target market. You’ll get fast responses, and surveys are also easy to translate into multiple languages.

There are some challenges involved, however. Anything involving the internet is dependent on internet access in your target market, which may be very low in some parts of the world. This method works well in North America and Europe but is poorly suited to countries like Eritrea, where only 14% of the population uses the internet.

8. Mobile web survey

This method involves distributing surveys via smartphones through applications or some of the other online methods mentioned above. In many countries, smartphone ownership exceeds computer ownership, making this a valid alternative.

In other countries, however, very few people own smartphones. Pakistan is one example — smartphone penetration here is just 18.4%. However, if your target market has a high smartphone penetration, this can be a reliable research channel.

9. Remote Face-to-Face

In recent years, we’ve all seen an explosion in the use of video chat software like Zoom and Microsoft Teams. Today, this is used regularly to communicate with friends and family, attend work meetings, and even see your doctor. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated this trend and forced us to rely on remote communication for almost all of our social interactions.

This technology applies to market research and is ideally suited to researching foreign markets. Now, face-to-face interviews and focus groups can take place entirely digitally, removing the need to send team members abroad or hire people in your target market.

There are still limitations, of course — it relies on your audience having access to electronic devices which can lead to skewed results (for example, you end up interviewing only younger and more affluent people). It should be combined with other methods for best results.

Market research is an essential but often challenging process, and it becomes harder when you try to do it in a completely new market far from home. Fortunately, market researchers today have access to a wealth of methods and tools, many of which did not exist even in the recent past.
Get in touch to learn how Kadence can help you conduct international market research as effectively as possible, allowing you to mount a confident and informed market entry.

Global manufacturing leaders are carefully considering the pros and cons of both.

China still leads the world in manufacturing, with close to 30% of the country’s economic output coming from this sector. Many industry experts and leading economists believe that China will no longer be the manufacturing powerhouse it once was within the next five years.

How the pandemic changed the manufacturing industry

The global pandemic caused a notable decrease in manufacturing production in 2020 due to containment strategies in economic and social lockdowns. Both had a significant impact on both supply and demand. 

Consumer demand declined overall due to uncertainties triggered by travel restrictions, remote working, business cessations, and job losses. At the same time, the production of many goods came to a halt worldwide for many months. 

A shift away from Made in China

For some major manufacturing companies, the pandemic spurred a sea-change in where they manufactured their product. The American Chamber of Commerce in Shenzhen, China, surveyed its manufacturing membership and learned that over 30 percent were in the process of moving some of its manufacturing out of China.

In July 2020, Apple announced it was shifting the assembly of its iPhone 11, the most advanced model in its product line, from China to India.

A couple of weeks later, Samsung and several other Apple suppliers applied for the Indian government’s incentive program targeted towards large-scale manufacturers of electronic products, which would see a significant part of these companies’ manufacturing transferred to India.

In recent years, China has attempted to replace the term “Made in China” with “Engineered in China”: the country would no longer be known as the world’s factory, a cheap place for countries to outsource manufacturing. Chinese manufacturers have increased automation and switched to using robots instead. In these instances, up to 80 percent of workers were sent home and replaced with specialized production line workers — typically experts in machine maintenance and machine learning. Mechanized factories boast much higher output with fewer errors and accidents, and a higher dependence on technology and automation meant wage costs were no longer critical.

With these changes, China is slowly losing its foothold in the global manufacturing sector for reasons with nothing to do with costs and output.

Other factors affecting this shift also include; trade tensions between China and the US (along with its western allies), the realization by global manufacturers during the pandemic of the flaw in the supply chain delivery due to over-reliance on one country for production, increased costs, and tariffs, and consumer sentiment of products made in China.

Even so, manufacturing in China is expected to recover in 2021, growing by 9 percent.

The growth in manufacturing in India

By comparison, India is expected to grow by 10 percent, recovering from significant economic strain during the pandemic.

The average age of a citizen in India is 28 years versus 38 years in China. This country has a massive population, and the demand for technology is high. Manufacturing overseas is not always about importing; it is also about global supply. If you have a product that appeals to 20 somethings or 30 somethings, manufacturing locally in India makes sense.

India is a lot less controversial geopolitically, and the Indian government is poised to capitalize on that notion.  

The government of India has launched several policies over the past few years to create a favorable environment and attract investment in manufacturing, with a focus on electronics manufacturing, including mobile phones, industrial electronics, consumer electronics, electronic components, computer hardware, and LED products.

Due to these commercially favorable initiatives, India’s electronics production has more than doubled in the last five years (2015-2020). According to the Indian Ministry of Electronics and Information technology, India’s electronics market is expected to reach US$132 billion by the end of 2021.

In China, manufacturing labor wages by location (in USD per hour) is $3.80 compared to India’s 0.70. Even with China’s focus on automation and robotics, labor in India is five times less than in China.

While the shift from solely or wholly manufacturing in China has seemingly begun, China will still be a global manufacturing hub. 

Perception of manufacturing locale 

Supply is synonymous with manufacturing. In economics, the rule of supply and demand states that if all other factors remain equal, the higher the price of a good, the fewer people will demand that good. For most, regardless of generation, price and availability are essential, if not the most important, in buying decisions. 

However, in economics, “movements” and “shifts” represent different market phenomena concerning supply and demand. 

In the past, companies chose to manufacture from an outside country due to price. Now other factors could negatively affect demand and brand perception.

Price, or cost of goods sold, is an easy measurement to evaluate in manufacturing. However, more and more companies see that consumer sentiment is a factor contributing to growth and demand.

Consumer sentiment is becoming an essential factor in manufacturing. After all, it does not matter how cheaply you can manufacture a product, whether that is in China or India, if the demand is not there or if consumers will choose a different, competitively priced product based on the manufacturer’s location.

A key question a company should ask is whether consumers would feel differently and ultimately decide to buy a product based on a “Made in India” label versus “Made in China.” 

For Gen Z and millennials, these two generations are much more brand conscious. In one study, 62% of millennials surveyed said buying from brands that support their own political and social beliefs is essential. In another study, Gen Z consumers are more likely to switch brands that meet specific values like sustainability. 

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The role of research in manufacturing 

Moving the manufacture of parts or components to multiple countries is a huge undertaking. Deciding to enter a new market, along with evaluating manufacturers, can be incredibly daunting if “on the ground” knowledge is limited or non-existent. Commissioning a research agency to find out where to direct your attention is a crucial first step. Selecting a research company with direct market knowledge can save time and capital investment.

Understanding how your target audience perceives where your product is manufactured, alongside any impacts on demand, should be researched and evaluated. 

Read case studies from the Manufacturing sector here